Means for promoting color change in bleached or untreated hair

ABSTRACT

A method for promoting color change in human hair by impregnating the hair with a solution containing at least one dialdehyde compound in combination with at least one amine containing dye and allowing the solution to remain in contact with the hair for an effective period of time to permit the desired color to develop. The use of dialdehyde promoting compounds have been found to generate the desired color in a much shorter period of time than heretofore known, and yield good development of the desired color shades.

United States Patent Kinney et al.

[ 1 *Sept. 9, 1975 MEANS FOR PROMOTING COLOR CHANGE IN BLEACHED OR UNTREATED HAIR [75] Inventors: James F. Kinney, Ramsey, N.J.;

Antoni Edward Gadzala, Suffern, NY.

[73] Assignee: Avon Products, Inc., New York,

[ Notice: The portion of the term of this patent subsequent to Mar. 18, 1992, has been disclaimed.

[22] Filed: Oct. 30, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 301,785

[52] U.S. Cl 8/102; 8/101 [5 I] Int. Cl.*. A61K 7/12; A61K 7/13; A61K 7/135 [58] Field of Search 8/102, 10.1; 424/333;

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,162,458 6/1939 Lehmann 8/102 Schueller 8/ 10.2

Bengelsdorf 260/599 [57] ABSTRACT A method for promoting color change in human hair by impregnating the hair with a solution containing at least one dialdehyde compound in combination with at least one amine containing dye and allowing the solution to remain in contact with the hair for an effec tive period of time to permit the desired color to develop. The use of dialdehyde promoting compounds have been found to generate the desired color in a much shorter period of time than heretofore known, and yield good development of the desired color shades.

7 Claims, N0 Drawings MEANSFOR PROMOTING COLOR CHANGE IN BLEACI-IED OR UNTREATED HAIR BACKGROUND or THE lNVENTTON For many years people. have been dissatisfied with the natural coloration of the human hair and have sought preparations capable of modifying the colors. Numerous color modifying materials and many varied procedures for applying such materials have been developed in attempts to formulate coloring techniques which will quickly attain the desired color and to facilitate the ease of dyeing to various desired color combinations.

Generally, the various methods of dyeing hair fibers includes absorption, aggregation and bonding techniques. When direct bonding techniques are utilized on human'hair, a true chemical bond is formed between the dye material and the treated hair' fiber. The dye must have a reactive group which can chemically bond with one of the groups present on the hair fiber. The use of reactive dyes which form chemical bonds with the hair fibers have generally been limited due to the severe conditions which are needed to force the reaction to occur.

In general, human hair has been colored by the use of the absorption or aggregation techniques. In the absorption method the dyestuff or the vehicle in which it is introduced has an electrode affinity for the hair fiber being treated. This technique relies primarily on the charge differential between the various materials and normally can be done under conditions which are suitable for cosmetic purposes. Similarly, the aggregation method of dyeing involves a system of insolubility which is created inside the fiber to be dyed. The dye material is made fast by penetration into the fiber and the precipitation therein of the chromogenous agent.

In the absorption and aggregation methods it has been found advantageous to include a dye promoting material which enhances the dye uptake onto the hair fibers. Various chemical compounds, including certain of human hair can be enhanced and promoted by impregnating hair with a pharmacologically acceptable carrier material containing one or more dialdehyde compounds of the general formula:

in which R represents a divalent aromatic, cycloaliphatic or aliphatic group. The dialdehyde compounds of this invention have been found to rapidly promote the dyeing of human hair by the absorption of aggregation techniques when accompanied by amine dyes suitable for these techniques.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION in which R represents a divalent aromatic, cycloaliphatic or aliphatic group and in which n equals 0 or 1. When n equals 0 the dialdehyde of this invention is glyoxal. When n equals 1 a suitable divalent bridging radical is present and represented by R. Such radicals may be alkylene, arylene and cycloalkylene groupings including methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentamethylene,

aromatic and aliphatic diketones, have been found useful in increasing the dye uptake of various known coloring agents. Normally, these dye promoting materials act to enhance the uptake of the hair dyeing composi tions and thus reduce the time needed to form an effective dyeing of the human hair. In other cases dye promoting materials have been used to lessen the drastic conditions sometimes found necessary to form the desired coloration of the hair.-

The various color promoting materials, such as the diketones mentioned above, have been limited as to color shades they will promote and the rate of promoting the dye uptake.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It has been presentlyunexpectedly found that dyeing @e-w a-wa ea: eee o and the like. The dialdehyde compounds of this invention may be used singly or in combination. The use of the particular dialdehydes will depend upon the solubility in the carrier material.

Particularly suitable as the dye promoting compound is .ortho phthalaldehyde and para phthalaldehyde. These compounds have been found to give extremely fast uptake and fastness to a wide variety of dyes useful in absorption and aggregation techniques. In addition to the above aldehyde compounds one may include various other organic promoting materials including phthalimides and the like. 7

The concentration of the promoting material may range from about 0.05 to about 5 per cent of the total composition being applied to the hair with from about 0.1 to about 0.5 per cent being preferred. Concentrations higher than this have been, in most cases, found economically unfeasible. The additional promoting materials which may be used in combination with the dialdehydes may be in concentrations ranging from about 0.1 to about per cent of the total weight of the composition.

The dialdehyde promoting compounds of this invention have been found to be suitable for most dyes found useful in the aggregation or absorption technique of dyeing human hair. The dye materials which have been found most activated by the dialdehydes herein disclosed are of the mono and polyamine containing hair dyeing compounds such as para-phenylenediamine, ophenylenediamine, mphenylenediamine, paminodiphcnylamine, 2-amino-4-nitrophenol, 4- amino-Z-nitrophenol, o-aminophenol, p-aminophenol, 2,4-diaminoanisole, 2,4-diaminophenol, mtolylenediamine and the like. The dye concentration may be from about 0.01 to about 5 per cent of the composition, preferably about 0.1 to 0.5 percent.

The use of the dialdehyde compound herein above described has been found to yield extremely fast color treatment when used in combination with a dyeing material. Normally, the hair being treated may be contacted with the combination of a hair dye and the dialdehyde promoter for less than 5 minutes to yield the desired color change. Normally, the desired color is attained in from about 1 to about 4 minutes The process of this invention may be carried out by contacting the hair first with a solution, dispersion or emulsion containing the dialdehyde and allowed to remain on the hair for a time sufficient to permit penetration of the hair. Normally from about 1 to about 5 minutes in duration is sufficient. The hair is then permitted to be treated with a solution containing the desired dye material. Alternately, the hair dye and the dialdehyde material may be applied to the hair in the same solution. When the dye is applied in this manner, it normally will cause the desired color change within a time of less than 5 minutes.

The hair dye material in combination with the dialdehyde promoter herein disclosed is rinsed free of the hair after producing the desired color change. These spent materials may be washed free with water or with any commercially available shampoo to allow the hair to have the dyed color within a relatively short period of time and to produce a dyed hair which has remarkable fastness and reproducible results.

It has also been found that shades of silver to black which have heretofore been found unsuitable for absorption and aggregation hair coloring techniques are suitably promoted when a dialdehyde and a dye such as para phenylenediamine and the like are used.

The dialdehyde material in combination with the dye producing compound is generally applied to the hair in the form of an aqueous solution, dispersion or emulsion. Any pharmaceutically acceptable carrier base such as water or an aqueous shampoo solution may be used as a carrier material for application of the essential ingredients on the hair. The essential ingredients in combination with such carrier materials are allowed to remain on the hair for a length of time necessary for producing the desired color change. Such time is normally from about 1 to about 4 minutes and normally less than 5 minutes in time has been found acceptable. The hair is then rinsed free of the spent materials with warm water and may be washed with any commercial shampoo in order to remove residual materials. Additional solvents, such alcohols, preferably lower alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and the like alone or in combination with polyols, such as glycol and the like may be incorporated into the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier material.

In addition, various fillers, buffers. additional solvents, detergents, perfumes, stabilizers and the like may be used in combination with the solution applied to the hair. The use of these various additional ingredients will depend upon the specific mode of application, the specific type of hair texture and dyestuff being used as well as other variables known to those skilled in the art.

The following examples are set forth for the purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limitations on the present invention except as set forth in the appended claims.

EXAMPLE I Locks of blond hair which were previously washed with a commercial shampoo, rinsed clean and dried were treated with an aqueous solution containing l per cent orthophthalaldehyde. One of the treated locks of hair was washed free of the solution after 5 minutes and another treated lock was washed free of solution after 10 minutes. Neither sample showed color change.

EXAMPLE ll A lock of blonde human hair is treated with an aqueous solution containing 0.2 parts of p- EXAMPLE III A lock of human hair is treated with an aqueous alcoholic (:20) solution containing 0.2 parts of pphenylenediamine and 0.2 parts o-phthalaldehyde. The solution is allowed to remain on the hair for 5 minutes and then rinsed with warm water. The resultant hair has a rich black color.

EXAMPLE IV An emulsion carrier comprising Glycerol monostearate Sodium lauryl sulfate Propyl paraben Methyl paraben Water is mixed with 0.2 parts of p-diaminoanisole and 0.2 parts of p-phthalaldehyde. The emulsion thus formed is applied to human blonde hair and allowed to remain for 4 minutes. The emulsion is then rinsed off with a commercial shampoo. The color of the hair is black. When a same solution is allowed to remain on the hair for 1 minute, a blue-gray color is attained.

EXAMPLE V An aqueous solution containing 0.2 parts of paminophenol dye with 0.2 parts 1,3-propyldialdehyde is applied to a lock of human hair and allowed to remain for 4 minutes. The hair is then rinsed with warm ll I HC-(R)"-CH water and a commercial shampoo. The resultant hair had a warm brown coloration. wherein'n may be O-or 1 when :1 equals 1, R represents In comparison, an aqueous solution containing 0.2 5 a divalent radical selected from the group ccn sisting of parts of p-aminophenol dye is applied to human hair as methylene, ethylene. propylene, butylene, pentamethdescribed above. Only a brown tinge resulted. ylene,

H: emc a; Q -cu- R- cn- 5 i @I 4.92.. I M,

@encu -en I O-uqp Q-cv e and @g:

lt will be understood that it is intended to cover all and from about 0.01 to about 5 percent of at least one changes and modifications of the examples of the inmono or polyamine dye suitable for aggregation or abvention herein chosen for the purpose of illustration sorption techniques of dyeing human hair allowing the which do not constitute departures from the spirit and composition to remain on the hair for a period of time scope of the invention. to effect the desired color and rinsing said spent com- What is claimed is: position from the hair. 1. An aqueous hair dyeing composition comprising 4. The method according to claim 3 wherein the dialfrom about 0.05 to about 5 percent of a dialdehyde dehyde is selected from the group consisting of 0- having the general formula: phthalaldehyde and p-phthalaldehyde.

5. The method according to claim 3 wherein the composition is allowed to remain on the hair for a time H of less than 5 minutes to yield the desired color change. HC(R),,CH 6. The method according to claim 5 wherein the composition is allowed to remain on the hair for a perwherein n may be 0 or 1 and when n equals 1 R repreiod of from about 1 minute to about 4 minutes. sents adivalent radical selected from the group consist- 7. A method of promoting color change in human ing of methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentahair comprising first applying to the hair a promoting methylene. amount of an aqueous composition containing from and from about 0.01 percent to about 5 percent of at about 0.05 to about 5 percent based on the total weight least one mono or polyamine dye suitable for absorbsof the composition of a dialdehyde compound of the tion or aggregation techniques of dyeing human hair. formula:

2. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the dialdehyde is selected from the group consisting of ophthalaldehyde and p-phthalaldehyde.

3. A method of promoting color change in human hair comprising applying to the hair an effective colorwherein n may be 0 or 1 and when n equals 1 R repreing amount of an aqueous composition containing from sents a divalent radical selected from the group consistabout 0.05 to about 5 percent of a dialdehyde coming of methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentapound having the general formula: methylene,

Q Q wot-- e'r ii GPA-a CH I 1 I I CH 1 or polyamine dye suitable for aggregation or absorhtion techniques of dyeing human hair. allowing the composition to remain on the hair for a period of time to effeet the desired color change and rinsing said spent composition and solution from the hair. 

1. AN AQUEOUS HAIR DYEING COMPOSITION COMPRISING FROM ABOUT 0.05 TO ABOUT 5 PERCENT OF A DIALDEHYDE HAVING THE GENERAL FORMULA:
 2. The composition according to claim 1 wherein the dialdehyde is selected from the group consisting of o-phthalaldehyde and p-phthalaldehyde.
 3. A method of promoting color change in human hair comprising applying to the hair an effective coloring amount of an aqueous composition containing from about 0.05 to about 5 percent of a dialdehyde compound having the general formula:
 4. The method according to claim 3 wherein the dialdehyde is selected from the group consisting of o-phthalaldehyde and p-phthalaldehyde.
 5. The method according to claim 3 wherein the composition is allowed to remain on the hair for a time of less than 5 minutes to yield the desired color change.
 6. The method according to claim 5 wherein the composition is allowed to remain on the hair for a period of from about 1 minute to about 4 minutes.
 7. A method of promoting color change in human hair comprising first applying to the hair a promoting amount of an aqueous composition containing from about 0.05 to about 5 percent based on the total weight of the composition of a dialdehyde compound of the formula: 